In the world of cyber security, breaches don’t always involve hackers cracking passwords from afar. Sometimes, the threat walks right through the front door. Tailgating, is a significant physical security threat that organisations must address to protect their sensitive data and operations. As our reliance on digital infrastructure grows, the intersection of physical and cyber security becomes increasingly critical for maintaining robust organisational defense.

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What is Tailgating?

Tailgating, also known as piggybacking, occurs when an unauthorised person follows an authorised individual through a secured access point. This seemingly innocent act often happens in everyday scenarios: an employee holds the door for someone carrying heavy boxes, or a person in business attire follows others through a security checkpoint while appearing to be engaged in a phone conversation. While these actions might stem from common courtesy, they can bypass even the most sophisticated access control systems.

The practice becomes particularly concerning because it exploits human nature—our inclination to be polite and helpful—rather than technical vulnerabilities. This social engineering aspect makes tailgating especially difficult to prevent through technological means alone.

What is a Tailgating Attack?

A tailgating attack is a physical security breach where an unauthorised person follows an authorised person through a secure door or access point without proper authentication. This technique exploits human courtesy to bypass security measures, allowing attackers to gain unauthorized access to restricted areas, potentially compromising both physical and cyber security.

Why is Tailgating a Threat to Cyber Security?

The connection between physical access and cyber security is more direct than many realise. Once an unauthorised individual gains physical access to a facility, they can potentially:

  • Access workstations or servers containing sensitive data
  • Install hardware keyloggers on keyboards to capture passwords
  • Connect malicious devices to network ports
  • Tamper with security systems or surveillance equipment
  • Access paper documents containing sensitive information or credentials
Close-up view of a mouse cursor over digital security text on display.

These physical breaches can have severe implications for regulatory compliance, particularly with standards like GDPR and ISO 27001, which mandate strict access controls for protecting sensitive data. Organisations failing to prevent tailgating may find themselves non-compliant and subject to significant penalties.

Common Scenarios Where Tailgating Happens

Corporate Offices

Office environments are particularly vulnerable to tailgating due to their high traffic and culture of courtesy. Employees regularly hold doors for colleagues, and in larger organisations, it’s impossible to recognise every legitimate employee. The morning rush hour is especially risky, as streams of employees enter the building simultaneously.

Data Centers

Despite being among the most security-conscious facilities, data centers remain vulnerable to tailgating. Their critical nature makes them attractive targets, and the presence of technical personnel carrying equipment can provide cover for unauthorised individuals attempting to gain entry.

Educational Institutions

College and university campuses face unique challenges due to their open nature and diverse population. Multiple buildings, frequent visitor traffic, and a culture of openness can make tailgating prevention particularly challenging. Research facilities and computer labs often contain valuable intellectual property and equipment, making them attractive targets.

Hospitals

Healthcare facilities must balance security with accessibility. The constant flow of staff, patients, and visitors creates numerous opportunities for tailgating. Additionally, the presence of sensitive medical data and valuable equipment makes hospitals particularly attractive targets for unauthorised access.

How to Prevent Tailgating

Technology-Based Solutions

Modern security systems offer various ways to prevent tailgating from occuring, including:

  • Security portals and mantraps use weight sensors and sophisticated algorithms to ensure only one person enters at a time
  • Advanced turnstiles with integrated cameras and AI can detect unauthorised entry attempts
  • Biometric systems combine fingerprint, facial recognition, and other unique identifiers to ensure only authorised individuals gain access

Policy and Training

Technology alone cannot prevent tailgating without proper human awareness:

  • Regular security awareness training should educate employees about tailgating risks and proper prevention procedures
  • Clear policies should outline the consequences of allowing tailgating and provide guidelines for challenging unfamiliar individuals
  • Regular drills and simulations can help employees practice appropriate responses to tailgating attempts

On-Site Security Measures

Physical security personnel and surveillance systems play crucial roles:

  • Security guards at entry points can verify credentials and prevent unauthorised access
  • Modern video analytics can automatically detect tailgating attempts and alert security personnel
  • Regular security audits can identify vulnerable access points and improve prevention measures

Real-World Examples of Tailgating Incidents

In 2019, a major financial institution discovered an unauthorised individual had gained access to their data center by tailgating behind a delivery person. The intruder managed to install several network monitoring devices before being discovered, potentially compromising sensitive financial data. This incident led to a comprehensive security overhaul costing millions.

Another notable case involved a healthcare facility where an individual gained access to patient records by tailgating through employee-only areas. The breach resulted in significant HIPAA violations and substantial fines, highlighting the severe consequences of inadequate physical security measures.

The Role of Security Portals in Tailgating Prevention

Modern security portals represent the cutting edge of tailgating prevention technology. These sophisticated systems combine multiple security measures:

  • Weight sensors detect multiple occupants
  • 3D imaging ensures only one person passes through
  • Integration with access control systems provides seamless authorised access
  • Emergency protocols ensure safety while maintaining security

These systems can be particularly effective when integrated with existing security infrastructure, providing a robust defense against unauthorised access while maintaining efficient flow for authorised personnel.

Anti-Tailgating Solutions Are The Way Forward

In today’s interconnected world, physical security vulnerabilities like tailgating can have far-reaching consequences for an organisation’s cyber security posture. The solution lies in a comprehensive approach combining advanced technology, well-trained personnel, and robust policies. Organisations must recognise that preventing tailgating is not just about installing the right equipment—it’s about fostering a security-conscious culture where every employee understands their role in maintaining organisational security.

Don’t let a simple act of courtesy compromise your organisation’s security. Contact us today to explore advanced anti-tailgating solutions tailored to your needs.

While there isn’t a specific UK law that universally criminalises tailgating in all premises, unauthorised access to certain areas, especially those with heightened security measures, can be considered trespassing or a breach of security protocols. Government premises, for instance, may be targeted by individuals seeking to cause disruption or gain unauthorised access, and such actions are taken seriously. Individuals caught tailgating into secure areas may face disciplinary actions, termination of employment, or legal consequences, depending on the intent and the sensitivity of the area accessed. Organisations are encouraged to implement strict access control measures and educate employees to prevent tailgating incidents.

Tailgating in cybersecurity refers to a physical security breach where an unauthorised person gains access to a secure area by following closely behind an authorised individual, often without their knowledge. This practice, also known as piggybacking, bypasses security systems such as keycard readers or biometric scanners, posing significant risks to sensitive data and infrastructure. Preventing tailgating involves measures like installing security portals, turnstiles, and educating employees on strict access control protocols.

The best defence against tailgating is implementing a combination of physical security measures and employee training. Physical solutions like turnstiles, security portals, or mantraps ensure that only one person can pass through at a time after successful authentication. Additionally, training employees to recognise and report suspicious behaviour, avoid holding doors open for strangers, and follow strict access control policies strengthens overall security. Together, these measures effectively minimise the risk of unauthorised access through tailgating.